![]() ![]() ![]() People with gender dysphoria often have a desire to live as a member of the opposite sex or as non-binary. In a few cases, older children and adults with AIS feel their gender identity does not match the gender they've been raised as. Most children with AIS continue to feel they are the gender they grew up with. You may also find it helpful to get in touch with a support group, such as DSD Families. You'll be given advice about talking to your child about AIS at all ages. But they will need to grow up understanding their body and how it works. You and your child will be offered psychological support to help you understand and cope with the diagnosis of AIS.Ĭhildren may not need psychological support while they're very young. Once you have learned about your child's sex development, and understand how their body will grow and develop, the specialist team can explain the treatment options your child might have in the future. Most children with CAIS are raised as girls. You and the specialist team will decide together what you think is in the best interests of your child. In the case of PAIS, they will talk to you about why they recommend raising your child as a boy or a girl.Ĭhildren with PAIS will be brought up either as girls or boys, depending mostly on the extent to which their body responds to hormones (androgens), including testosterone. The team will help you understand your child's sex development. Living with AISĬhildren with AIS and their parents are supported by a team of specialists, who will offer ongoing care. Read more about the symptoms of AIS and diagnosing AIS. It's often not diagnosed until puberty, when periods do not start and pubic and underarm hair does not develop. PAIS is usually noticed at birth because the genitals appear different.ĬAIS can be more difficult to spot, as the genitals usually look like those of any other girl. partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) – where testosterone has some effect on sex development, so the genitals are often not as expected for boys or girls. ![]() complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) – where testosterone has no effect on sex development, so the genitals are entirely female.There are 2 main types of AIS, which are determined by how much the body is able to use testosterone. Women who carry the genetic alteration will not have AIS themselves, but there's a 1 in 4 chance each child they have will be born with AIS. The child may have fully or partially undescended testicles. This means the child's genitals may develop as female, or are underdeveloped as male. This prevents the sex development of a typical male.Ī penis does not form or is underdeveloped. What causes AIS?ĪIS is caused by a genetic alteration that is passed along the female line to the child.Īlthough people with AIS have XY (usual male pattern) chromosomes, the body does not respond to testosterone (the sex hormone) fully or at all. However, there is help and advice on other ways to become parents if that is wanted. The sex development of people with AIS means they will not be able to become pregnant or make their partner pregnant. There are specialist healthcare psychologists who can help people with AIS understand their bodies and sex development. Sometimes PAIS is discovered because a baby's genitals are not as expected for a baby boy or baby girl. The genitals of a person with PAIS may appear as female or male. The genitals of a person with CAIS appear female. The 2 types of AIS are called complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS). Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) affects the development of a person's genitals and reproductive organs. ![]()
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